Autophagy in GECs.

<p>A and B) Control and iPLA<sub>2</sub>γ KO GECs were cultured in medium containing 7.8 mM glucose (Glu). Then, medium was switched to 7.8 mM glucose + 28 mM mannitol (Man) or high glucose (36 mM), and cells were treated with or without chloroquine (CQ; 25 μM) for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with anti-LC3 antibody and signals were quantified by densitometry. LC3-II increases significantly after addition of CQ in control and iPLA<sub>2</sub>γ KO cells exposed to mannitol or high glucose; however, there are no significant differences among the 4 CQ-treated groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (ANOVA). 4 experiments performed in duplicate (ANOVA). C and D) Control GECs were untreated (U) or were incubated with CQ (25 μM), tunicamycin (Tun, 1 μg/ml), Tun + SAR405 (SAR, 5 or 10 μM), or Tun + SBI0206965 (SBI, 5 or 10 μM) for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted as above. Tun increases LC3-II and the increase is blocked by SBI0206965, but not SAR405. **P<0.01 (ANOVA). 4 experiments performed in duplicate.</p> <p>(PDF)</p>