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<div><p>Background</p><p>The aim of our study was to test different anesthetic mixtures in order to identify the most suitable one for a surgical cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model in mice.</p><p>Methods</p><p>1) Sixty four mice were submitted to one of the 6 combinations of ketamine or alfaxalone associated to xylazine, medetomidine or midazolam. Depth and quality of anesthesia were evaluated via 5 reflex scores. 2) Impact of analgesic (buprenorphine or butorphanol), anesthesia reversal (with atipamezole) and surgery (cardiac ischemia-reperfusion surgery) have been tested in the selected protocols. 3) infarction size has been measured with TTC (Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) method in mice anesthetized with best protocols.</p><p>Results</p><p>Protocol involving medetomidine induced the longest surgical anesthesia: (median = 120, {interquartile range = 100–125}) min with ketamine and 53 {25–100} min with alfaxalone. Butorphanol substitution with buprenorphine did not alter time-related anesthesia parameters. Atipamezole reversal considerably reduced both recovery and immobilization time (respectively 22 {18–30} min and 98 {88–99} min vs. 55 {40–70} min and 143 {131–149} min, in groups with no reversal, p = 0.001) with no impact on infarction size measurement.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In this study, the combination alfaxalone/medetomidine/buprenorphine (80/0,3/0,075 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>, s.c.) associated with reversal by atipamezole was a reliable anesthetic protocol for murine surgery, particularly for the study of ischemia-reperfusion.</p></div>