In-situ sea temperature (∘C) and salinity (psu) at 800 m depth in the Madeira and Canary Islands region for the year 1990, based on CORA v5.2.

The left panel shows temperature and the right panel shows salinity. Warmer temperatures and higher salinity are represented in red tones, while cooler and fresher values appear in blue. Grid smoothing was applied to reduce artifacts due to sparse data coverage, particularly near islands and continental slopes. These maps provide an indicative overview of oceanographic conditions at the onset of the study period, but are not directly comparable to GLORYS12V1-based maps of potential temperature. (TIFF)