Illustration of the edge correction for the computation of K-function.

<p>The study area, <i>W</i>, is the administrative border of the study region (here, Gujarat is illustrated). The Euclidean distance <i>d</i> between points <i>x</i> and <i>x</i>′ is shown, along with a circle of radius <i>d</i> centered at <i>x</i>. The portion of the circle, <i>ℓ</i>, inside the study area is highlighted, demonstrating how the edge correction weight <i>e</i><sub><i>ij</i></sub> is calculated. This correction accounts for the fraction of the circle’s length that lies within the study area, ensuring accurate spatial analysis by adjusting for boundary effects. Source of the basemaps: <a href="https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/pub/basu/Borders/GADM/" target="_blank">https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/pub/basu/Borders/GADM/</a>.</p> <p>(PDF)</p>