Research advances in maxillofacial characteristics, classification and treatment of facial asymmetry with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion

With the growing demand for facial aesthetics, facial asymmetry has emerged as a prominent clinical concern. Skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion could not only affect facial aesthetics, but also have an adverse effect on oral function. Facial asymmetry is caused by complex factors and can manifest in various ways, including morphological asymmetry of the maxillofacial unit, positional asymmetry of maxillofacial units, and transverse dentition compensation. Therefore, comprehensive classification based on maxillofacial features of facial asymmetry is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and surgical planning. This article aims to review recent progress of research on the maxillofacial features, classification, and treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion with facial asymmetry, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.