Influencing factors and distribution characteristics of rock burst under complex geological dynamic environment

Rock burst results from the interaction of multiple factors. Its occurrence is not only related to mining engineering effects but also closely linked to the geo-dynamic environment of the mine. In complex geodynamic conditions, rock burst occurs more frequently. To study the influencing factors of rock burst in such environments, methods such as theoretical analysis, field monitoring, and geological exploration are employed, with 12240 working face of Gengcun Coal Mine as the research subject. The study analyzes the geodynamic environment characteristics of Gengcun Coal Mine and assesses the risk of rock burst. The critical depth for rock burst at 12240 working face is calculated, and this depth is verified using rock burst and large energy microseismic events, revealing the relationship between the occurrence depth of rock burst and its source. The “three-condition criterion for rock burst” is used to analyze the frequency, energy, and spatial distribution of microseismic events. By analyzing changes in the frequency and energy of microseismic events before and after roof pre-splitting blasting at 12240 working face, and examining the results from borehole inspections after pre-splitting blasting, the effectiveness of the far-field hazard mitigation measures for 12240 working face is verified. The research results indicate that Gengcun Coal Mine has a medium level of geo-dynamic disaster environment and is a serious rock burst mine. The critical depth for rock burst occurrence at Gengcun Coal Mine is an elevation of −545.79 meters. The burial depth of 12240 working face is close to this critical depth, indicating a risk of rock burst. The F16 fault, as a major geological structural factor at Gengcun Coal Mine, is an important component of the geo-dynamic environment and provides an energy basis for the formation and occurrence of high-energy rock burst. Mining effects are a sufficient condition for rock burst but have little impact on 12240 working face during the initial mining period. Hazard mitigation measures are control conditions that effectively reduce the risk of rock burst at 12240 working face. The research results provide a basis and reference for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters such as rock burst in complex geodynamic environments.