LoRa 920 MHz as a Green Technology in Maritime Education: Optimizing Modulation Settings for Real-Time Environmental Data

LoRa, as a low-power wireless communication module, offers high flexibility and energy efficiency, making it an ideal choice for sustainable monitoring in maritime environments. This study identifies optimal modulation settings for LoRa 920 MHz within a 125 KHz bandwidth across various distances, enabling real-time monitoring of oceanic environmental conditions. Key tested variables include the Spreading Factor and Coding Rate, which influence signal parameters such as RSSI, SNR, PDR, and ToA. At 250 meters (LoS), the optimal configuration is a Spreading Factor of 9 and Coding Rate of 4/7, achieving RSSI -95.60, SNR 4.80, PDR 100%, and ToA 197.63 ms. For 500 meters (LoS), the best settings are a Spreading Factor of 12 and a Coding Rate of 4/7, yielding RSSI -98.60, SNR -4.10, PDR 100%, and ToA 1351.68 ms. At 150 meters (NLoS), the ideal arrangement may be a Spreading Factor of 10 and a Coding Rate of 4/5, creating RSSI -103.80, SNR -5.40, PDR 100%, and ToA 288.77 ms. Discoveries illustrate that expanding the Spreading Calculate and Coding Rate impacts SNR and ToA. These come about to emphasize LoRa's potential to bolster economical sea natural instruction through energy-efficient, real-time information collection.