MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H

The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc>) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> column densities. The H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s−1) ranges from ∼5 × 1017 cm−2 at 90″ resolution to ∼4 × 1019 cm−2 at the highest resolution of 7″. The H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is ∼5.5 × 105 M⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s−1. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> masses from 107 M⊙ to almost 1011 M⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc> between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H <ns0:sc>I</ns0:sc>-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.