Commercial Cellulosic\nPaper-Based Solid Electrolyte\nfor High-Temperature Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Solid-state lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries\nshow\npromise for future electric mobility due to their high energy density\npotential. However, high internal impedance, Li polysulfide shuttling,\nand dendrite formation exist. Herein, we present a Li-rich cellulosic\nsolid-state electrolyte (SSE) that, when paired with a sulfurized\npolyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode, leads to durable Li–S batteries\nfor use in the room temperature to 50 °C range. Our cellulosic\nSSE is prepared via a scalable, viable method and exhibits high area-normalized\nconductance (24.4 mS cm<sup>–2</sup>) and Li-ion transference\nnumber (0.76) at 50 °C. After 150 cycles at 50 °C, solid-state\nLi–S half cells retained 82.2% capacity. Full cells with a\nthin Li foil anode and an N/P ratio of 4.92 showed stable cycling\nat both room temperature and 50 °C for nearly 40 cycles, attributed\nto the excellent conformability of the paper-derived SSE. These results\nplace our work among the top few for SPAN-based all-solid-state Li–S\nbatteries.