A High-Performance\nand Flexible Electrothermal Heater\nwith Bending Tolerance from Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Graphite\nNanoplates and Carbon Black on Paper

The flexible electrothermal heaters based on the Joule\nheating\neffect have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their\nwide range of applications in personal thermal management and wearable\ndevices. However, the fabrication of this kind of flexible heater\nwith high performance but at low cost remains a challenge. Here in\nthis work, a high-performance and flexible electrothermal heater was\ndeveloped through layer-by-layer self-assembly of graphite nanoplates\n(GNPs) and carbon black (CB) on paper driven by capillarity. The resistivity\nof the assembled GNP/CB layer was around 0.02 Ω·cm after\ndip-coating 10 times. The heater reached a maximum temperature of\n197.3 °C with a heating rate of 23 °C s<sup>–1</sup> under a relatively low voltage of 6 V. Importantly, no attenuation\nof the heating performance was observed under deformation of the device.\nThis flexible electrothermal heater may find versatile applications,\nincluding water heating, deicing, wearable devices, and medical treatments.