Enhanced Photothermal/Immunotherapy\nunder NIR Irradiation\nBased on Hollow Mesoporous Responsive Nanomotor

In this research, a hollow mesoporous responsive nanomotor\nwas\nproposed for enhanced photothermal/immunotherapy under near infrared\n(NIR) irradiation. HA-HMCuS/AS as the nanomotor composed of hollow\nmesoporous copper sulfide (HMCuS) loaded with artesunate (AS) and\nhyaluronic acid (HA) was utilized to induce the polarization of tumor-associated\nmacrophages. At the beginning, ResNet18 deep learning model was utilized\nto predict the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface\narea of HMCuS based on the morphology data set which was obtained\nfrom our conventional research. And then, we predicted that the as-synthesized\nHMCuS has a large surface area, which is beneficial for drug loading.\nThen, upon near-infrared light irradiation, HA-HMCuS/AS exhibited\nsignificant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells and induced tumor\nthermal ablation. Additionally, HA-HMCuS/AS was found to inhibit the\nexpression of TREM2 at the tumor site, promoting the transition of\nM2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages in tumor tissue and enhancing\nthe inflammatory response at the tumor site. In addition, photothermal\ntherapy enabled tumor cells to release tumor-associated antigen and\ninjury-related molecular patterns, promote the maturation and metastasis\nof dendritic cells, and further activate the body’s specific\nantitumor immune response. By combining photothermal therapy with\nimmunotherapy, the HA-HMCuS nanomotor demonstrated even more robust\ntumor ablation and suppression effects.