Exploring the Potential\nof rGO@PANI with Codoped Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Composite\nas a Radar Absorbing Material for Entire X and K<sub>u</sub> Bands

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with diverse, layered structures\nand\nunique electronic characteristics was restricted in microwave wave\nabsorption owing to the high dielectric and easy agglomeration properties.\nIn situ, the polymerization method is adopted to prepare the rGO@PANI\nwith codoped Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composites as an efficient microwave absorber. The resultant\nmaterial is thoroughly characterized for phase and morphological analysis\nand dielectric and magnetic parameters, which revealed that Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles\nwas dispersed across the rGO@PANI composite. Our finding shows that\nat the 35 wt % loading, sample PGF 1 shows an EAB of 5.07 GHz with\na maximum reflection loss (RL<sub>max</sub>) of −22.79 dB at\n2 mm thickness; for PGF 2, the achieved RL<sub>max</sub> is −48.44\ndB at 2.3 mm thickness with 3.6 GHz of EAB, while PGF 3 exhibits an\nEAB of 2.64 GHz and an RL<sub>max</sub> of −47.03 dB at 7.28\nGHz with a thickness of 3.4 mm. The notable differences in the conduction\nof electrons and electronic structure between the decorated Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles\nand outer graphene layers significantly enhance interfacial polarization.\nBy creating quicker electron transport routes, the 3D hierarchical\nrGO@PANI with codoped Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> network topology further improves absorption outcomes.\nThe well-thought-out planning and cooperative action of rGO@PANI sheets\nwith codoped Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are intimately connected to high interfacial polarization,\nwhich results in incredibly efficient absorption with lightweight\nand thin thickness as suitable in the field of RADAR absorption. Remarkably,\nPGF 3 with 40 wt % loading shows the absorption of microwaves for\nthe entire X and K<sub>u</sub> bands only at a thickness of 2.4 mm\nand covers 92.5% of the whole frequency region (2–18 GHz) up\nto a thickness of 6 mm.