Fully Integrated\nBiosensing System for Dynamic Monitoring\nof Sweat Glucose and Real-Time pH Adjustment Based on 3D Graphene\nMXene Aerogel

The development of noninvasive glucose sensors capable\nof continuous\nmonitoring without restricting user mobility is crucial, particularly\nfor managing diabetes, which demands consistent and long-term observation.\nTraditional sensors often face challenges with accuracy and stability\nthat curtail their practical applications. To address these issues,\nwe have innovatively applied a three-dimensional porous aerogel composed\nof Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene\nand reduced graphene oxide (MX-rGO) in electrochemical sensing. It\nsignificantly reduces the electron-transfer distance between the enzyme’s\nredox center and the electrode surface while firmly anchoring the\nenzyme layer to effectively prevent any leakage. Another pivotal advancement\nin our study is the integration of the sensor with a real-time adaptive\ncalibration mechanism tailored specifically for analyzing sweat glucose.\nThis sensor not only measures glucose levels but also dynamically\nmonitors and adjusts to pH fluctuations in sweat. Such capabilities\nensure the precise delivery of physiological data during physical\nactivities, providing strong support for personalized health management.