Simultaneous\nIdentification of Vitamins B1, B3, B5,\nand B6 by an Engineered Nanopore

Vitamin Bs, a group of water-soluble compounds, are essential\nnutrients\nfor almost all living organisms. However, due to their structural\nheterogeneity, rapid and simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamin\nBs is still challenging. In this paper, it is discovered that a hetero-octameric <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> porin A (MspA) nanopore containing\na sole nickel ion-bound nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA-Ni) adapter at\nits pore constriction is suitable for the simultaneous sensing of\ndifferent vitamin Bs, including vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B3\n(nicotinic acid and nicotinamide), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid),\nand vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine). Assisted\nby a custom machine learning algorithm, all seven vitamin Bs can be\nfully distinguished, reporting a general accuracy of 99.9%. This method\nwas further validated in the rapid analysis of commercial cosmetics\nand natural food, suggesting its potential uses in food and drug administration.