Association among\nGestational Weight Gain, Fucosylated\nHuman Milk Oligosaccharides, and Breast Milk MicrobiotaAn\nEvidence in Healthy Mothers from Northwest China

This study investigates the relationship among maternal\nsecretor\nstatus, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the composition of\nbreastmilk microbiota in a cohort of healthy mothers from Shaanxi\nprovince, China. The results demonstrated that 78.9% of the mothers\nwere secretors, exhibiting an active fucosyltransferase 2 gene (<i>fut2</i>) and producing α-1,2 fucosylated HMOs, which\nsignificantly affected the HMO profile. Secretor mothers had higher\nlevels of 2′-FL and LNFPI in contrast to nonsecretors who displayed\nhigh levels of 3′-FL, LNFPII, and LNT. Furthermore, secretor\nmothers exhibited greater diversity in HMOs compared with nonsecretors,\nalthough no significant differences were observed in the breast milk\nmicrobiota composition. A correlation was identified between specific\nHMOs (2′-FL, 3′-FL, 6′-SL, and LNFPI) and the\nmicrobiota composition. Notably, mothers with normal weight gain during\npregnancy demonstrated higher microbial diversity, with increased\nabundance of beneficial genera such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Ligilactobacillus</i>. These findings contribute to the development of potential guidelines\nfor providing personalized nutrition.