Machine LearningCommittee Neural Network PotentialEnergy Surfaces for Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks

Two-dimensional (2D) layered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining attention due to their unique structural and electronic properties with promising applications in compact electronic device fabrication. Long-time and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of these materials can enhance and expedite the mapping out of their structure–property–function relationships for these applications. To make such simulations more feasible, herein, we construct a high-dimensional committee neural network potential (CNNP) for archetypal 2D MOFs Ni₃(HIB)₂ and Ni₃(HITP)₂ where HIB = hexaiminobenzene and HITP = hexaiminotriphenylene. We harness the power of active learning and committee neural networks to obtain a CNNP model by using only hundreds of snapshots from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) trajectories. The developed CNNP model allows for simulations of thousands of atoms over extended time scales, which is typically unfeasible with AIMD simulations while maintaining the accuracy of the reference data. Our stable MD simulations based on the developed CNNP model reveal the flexible nature of the studied 2D MOFs at room temperature, including puckered layers, as opposed to the planar ones from 0 K electronic structure calculations. Furthermore, our model demonstrates transferability between bulk and monolayers, as well as different organic linkers. As the first model of its kind, we show that the high-dimensional CNNP models could be a reliable and effective approach for future studies on 2D MOFs.