Stable Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuN<sub>3</sub>@NC Catalysts\nfor Aqueous Phase Reforming of Methanol

Aqueous-phase reforming of methanol represents a promising\navenue\nfor hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production. However, developing highly\nefficient and low-cost nonprecious catalysts remains challenging.\nHere, we report the synthesis of Cu-based catalysts with Cu, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, and CuN<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles anchored on the nitrogen-doped\ncarbon, forming Cu<sup>0</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup>/Cu-N<sub>3</sub> active\nsites. This catalyst achieves a H<sub>2</sub> production rate of 140.1\nμmol/g<sub>cat</sub>/s at 210 °C, which is several times\nto 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of Cu-, Ni-, even Pt-based\ncatalysts, demonstrating excellent long-term stability over 350 h\nat 210 °C. A mechanism investigation reveals that the Cu-N<sub>3</sub> site facilitates water dissociation into *OH and improves\n*CO and *OH conversion, leading to enhanced CO conversion and H<sub>2</sub> production kinetics.