Lymphocyte-Derived\nEngineered Apoptotic Bodies with\nInflammation Regulation and Cartilage Affinity for Osteoarthritis\nTherapy

Apoptotic\nbodies as plentiful extracellular vesicles\ngenerated\nfrom apoptotic cells play a central role in signal transduction and\nhomeostasis regulation and simultaneously switch death to regeneration\nto a certain extent. Herein, we designed engineered apoptotic bodies\nderived from T cells to have the capacity of inflammation regulation\nand cartilage affinity. The engineered apoptotic bodies as a natural\nanti-inflammation factor were encapsulated into lubricating hydrogel\nmicrospheres to achieve an injectable microsphere complex for the\ntreatment of osteoarthritis (OA). In the above therapeutic system,\nthe engineered apoptotic bodies acted as a biochemical cue to regulate\nthe inflammatory microenvironment and promote chondrocyte cartilage\nhomeostasis, whereas the lubricating hydrogel microspheres served\nas a biophysical stimulation to effectively reduce the friction of\nthe cartilage surface, restore the cartilage stress, and control the\nslow delivery of the encapsulated engineered apoptotic bodies by friction\ndegradation. Consequently, the current work creates an injectable\nand multifunctional therapeutic microsphere to advance cartilage remodeling\nand OA therapy.