Sustainable H<sub>2</sub> Production from Lignocellulosic\nBiomass over MoS<sub>2</sub> Modified Sulfur Vacancy Enriched ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst

Exploring visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for\nphotocatalytic\nlignocellulosic biomass-to-H<sub>2</sub> conversion remains a glamorous\nbut challenging goal because the photogenerated holes cannot directly\ntransfer to biomass owing to the absence of a charge transfer channel.\nHerein, we design ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanosheets with abundant\nsulfur vacancy (V<sub>S</sub>-ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) as visible\nlight responsive photocatalysts for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production\nfrom lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of MoS<sub>2</sub> as\nthe cocatalyst. In this smartly designed photocatalysts, the sulfur\nvacancy in ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> reduces the energy barrier\nof <sup>•</sup>OH generation reaction and results in the fast\ndynamics for the generation of <sup>•</sup>OH, which acts as\nthe crucial species for the oxygenolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.\nAs expected, the H<sub>2</sub> generation rate of the optimized MoS<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>S</sub>-ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst\nin α-cellulose and bamboo powder aqueous solution achieves 1572\nand 133 μmol·g<sup>–1</sup>·h<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. This study validates the feasibility of sulfur vacancy\nto boost visible light photocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic\nbiomass into H<sub>2</sub> fuel.