Molecular Characterization of Leishmania Species Infecting Sandflies in the Centre of Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan Leishmania, is prevalent worldwide, including Iran. This study aimed to assess the sandfly species composition and their Leishmania infection in the Kavirat district of Aran and Bidgol County (Isfahan Province). Sandflies were trapped using sticky traps once every two weeks from March to October 2020. In each district, 3 residential houses were chosen, with 30 indoor and 30 outdoor sticky traps placed near rodent colonies within a 300-meter radius of the last house. Specimens were identified using standard keys, and the sandfly bodies were examined for Leishmania using PCR and sequencing techniques. A total of 2050 sandflies were captured, with 774 (58.14%) Phlebotomus and 1276 (43.96%) Sergentomyia identified. Leishmania major and L. turanica were each detected in a single sandfly, marking the first record of L. turanica in Aran and Bidgol County. The predominant sandfly species was identified as Ph. papatasi. Ph. papatasi activity was observed from May to October. To combat cutaneous leishmaniasis effectively, particularly during July to August, the implementation of a robust health program is imperative.