Effect of Damping and Apparent Resistance on Energy Harvesting from Piezoelectric Beam using Dynamic Stiffness Method

There are different sources of energy in the environment, and one of the sources that is converted into electrical energy is the vibrations of the environment. One of the methods of energy extraction is the use of piezoelectric materials. The main advantage of piezoelectric materials is their high-power density and ease of use. In this study, a dynamic stiffness method is developed to extract energy from the piezoelectric cantilever beam despite damping, impedance, and concentrated mass. In order to get the maximum energy for concentrated mass, it is suggested that the effect of some parameters on the proposed system be investigated. Such parameters include damping and impedance effects noted. According to this study, the effect of Kelvin-Voigt damping on the voltage amplitude of the initial acceleration at the first resonant frequency is almost linear, while this value changes homographically at the second resonant frequency. The change in voltage amplitude over the base acceleration amplitude due to the change in the viscous damping coefficient at the first and second resonant frequencies is almost the same, but the amount of reduction is greater in the second case. Also, the effect of impedance on this system is investigated, and the system response is obtained using the dynamic stiffness method. The effect of increasing the impedance on the conductivity of the beam tip relative to the foundation support is such that as impedance increases, its natural frequencies increase, thus making the system more rigid.