Characterization of the Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Breast cancer is a widespread disease affecting individuals globally. Challenges include timely diagnosis, accuracy, sensitivity, and reliable results from traditional methods. Delayed diagnosis often leads to metastasis of cancerous cells to axillary lymph nodes, complicating treatment and necessitating organ removal. The Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) technique is notable for its high accuracy, sensitivity, and rapid capabilities in detecting various cancerous areas and cultured cell samples. Additionally, it is low-risk, cost-effective, and has minimal side effects. This research considers various cancer cell lines (MCF10 cells), highlighting their biological differences compared to human breast cells (MCF10 cells), referred to as the control. Due to the sensitivity of the proposed solution, this diagnostic tool can enhance breast cancer detection. The technique is ready for pre/post-clinical use as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, offering significant benefits in early diagnosis and patient evaluation before invasive procedures. Metabolic alterations in cancer cell lines result in differences in key fluorophores, such as NADH and Flavin, compared to normal cells. Variations in fluorescence emission provide a foundation for the characterization and diagnosis of breast cancer through fluorescence-guided approaches. Cancer cells show intense spectral peaks, while normal cells have a continuous fluorescence range.