Additional file 4 of Florfenicol-induced dysbiosis impairs intestinal homeostasis and host immune system in laying hens

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Butyrate administration restores gut homeostasis impaired by florfenicol treatment. To achieve butyrate levels similar to those under homeostasis conditions in the presence of florfenicol-induced dysbiosis, chickens were provided with 50 mmol/L or 100 mmol/L butyrate in their drinking water. (A) Butyrate levels in the cecum were then measured. (B) Alteration of cecal lactate levels measured by HPLC. (C) Pathobionts in the cecal content from control, florfenicol, and florfenicol+butyrate groups as measured based on CFU counts on MacConkey agar. FFC, florfenicol. FFC+B, florfenicol+butyrate. Statistical differences were determined in a Tukey test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.