Assessing the Efficacity of Immersive Computing and Electroencephalogram in the Rehabilitation of Upper Extremity Neuro-Motor Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review

The rapid advancement of neurofeedback interfaces assimilating electroencephalograms (EEG) with Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) technologies offers innovative rehabilitation opportunities. This review systematically examines electroencephalogram-based immersive computing approaches for upper extremity rehabilitation in neuromotor dysfunctions, aiming to restore motor function. Following PRISMA guidelines, we screened 3,490 articles from databases including CINAHL, Cochrane, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar (January 2011–May 2023), selecting 38 high-quality studies. Four central paradigms emerged: motor imagery, VR/AR-based activities, electroencephalogram acquisition, and immersive rehabilitation characteristics. The integration of VR/AR with electroencephalogram neurofeedback enhances nervous system recovery, surpassing conventional techniques by improving feedback and brain function restoration. This review highlights the efficacy of immersive computing and electroencephalogram-based rehabilitation, demonstrating their potential to advance rehabilitation methodologies, overcome conventional limitations, and improve clinical outcomes for neuromotor dysfunctions.