Nitrate removal from industrial wastewater using six newly isolated strains of aerobic heterotrophic denitrifiers in an attached growth

The objective of this study was to isolate specific heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant and employ them in an attached growth system for wastewater denitrification. To isolate and screen aerobic denitrifiers, Denitrifying Medium (DM) and Screen Medium (GN) were utilized. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to identify the isolates. The formation of biofilms by selected isolates on ceramic media was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This study also investigated various variables for nitrate removal, including temperature, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N), and the carbon source. A series of experiments were conducted to gauge nitrate removal under optimal variable values. Six purified strains exhibited the highest denitrification efficiency in less than 30 h. <i>Pseudomonas</i> species were chosen for additional experiments. Denitrification efficiencies ranged from a low of 71.4% (at a temperature of 30 °C, C/N ratio of 17, and citrate as the carbon source) to a high of 98.9% (at a temperature of 33 °C, C/N ratio of 8, and citrate as the carbon source). The average denitrification efficiency was 84.02%. Optimal nitrate removal occurred at temperatures around 30–31 °C and C/N ratios of approximately 5.8–6.5. This study demonstrates that aerobic denitrifying bacteria can effectively remove nitrate from aqueous solutions.