Centralized power, decentralized ambitions: the reconfiguration of local power during the transition from Goryeo to Joseon Korea

This study examines the geographic dispersion and shifting power dynamics of elite Korean families during the transition from Goryeo (918–1392) to Joseon (1392–1910) dynasties, utilizing newly digitized data from two historical gazetteers. By analyzing governmental positions held by elite family figures, we develop quantitative indices to distinguish between ruling families – those maintaining power during both dynasties – and rising families – those gaining prominence after the dynastic shift. These indices are linked to regional surnames to analyze how these families maintained, lost, or expanded their local influence. Our findings reveal significant patterns in the reconfiguration of local power. Initially, ruling families were more successful in establishing local footholds after the foundation of Joseon than rising families. Over the next century, rising families effectively maintained regional dispersion, while ruling families increasingly lost their local bases. Notably, ruling families compensated for their losses by elevating their remaining locales’ administrative ranks, strengthening their influence in fewer but more strategically essential locations. These results underscore the interplay between continuity and change in elite family strategies, highlighting gazetteers as valuable resources for studying regional power dynamics during periods of political transition.