Efficient chemoautotrophic carbon fixation in controlled systems: Influencing factors, regulatory strategies and application prospects

Biological carbon fixation is essential to the Earth’s carbon cycle and serves as an effective means of converting CO₂ and managing carbon emissions. Chemoautotrophic microorganisms, known for their unique metabolic strategies and environmental adaptability, play a significant role in this process. They can convert CO₂ into valuable organic products, addressing the otherwise limited use of CO₂. However, the potential of chemoautotrophic microorganisms for biological carbon fixation in controlled environments has not been fully explored. This review aims to evaluate the current state of research on the carbon fixation capabilities of chemoautotrophic microorganisms in artificially controlled system. It examines the factors affecting bacterial growth and expounds optimization strategies one by one to enhance biological carbon fixation efficiency. Furthermore, the review details the applications of chemoautotrophs cultivated in controlled systems, which include increasing biological productivity in natural habitats, reducing carbon emissions in specific scenarios, and producing high-value byproducts. The discussion highlights both the advantages and challenges of these applications, providing critical insights into the regulation and practical use of chemoautotrophic carbon fixation technology.