Investigating the potential of <i>Schinus moll</i>e leaf essential oil for weed management, antibacterial applications, and enzymatic inhibition

The striking presence and fragrant foliage of the <i>Schinus</i> genus have captivated human curiosity for generations. In this study, we delved into the chemical profile and explored some biological applications of <i>Schinus molle</i> L. essential oil (EO). GC-MS analysis unveiled 39 compounds, with α-phellandrene (26.42%) and β-phellandrene (18.11%) being the major components. The EO revealed a striking phytotoxic potential significantly curbing the germination and growth of some seeds, with <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> L. being particularly affected. Beyond its phytotoxic feat, the EO possesses a notable antibiofilm activity, though this varied across different strains. Intriguingly, the EO showed no inhibition activity against α-amylase (IC₅₀ &gt; 30 mg/mL), while it demonstrated an IC₅₀ = 23.5 ± 2.3 mg/mL against α-glucosidase. Additionally, moderate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC₅₀ = 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC₅₀ = 2.9 ± 0.6 mg/mL) was registered, further highlighting its diverse bioactive potential. This study paints a vivid picture of the multifaceted wonders of <i>S. molle</i> EO offering insights that resonate across various scientific fields.