<b>MicroRNA Biosensors: Comparative Analysis and Emerging Biomedical Applications for High-Sensitivity Molecular Detection</b>

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis due to their role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MiRNA biosensors offer rapid and sensitive detection, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques like PCR and microarrays. This study presents a comparative analysis of optical, electrochemical, and nanomaterial-based biosensors, evaluating parameters such as limit of detection (LOD), specificity, and response time. Computational tools in Python were used to analyze the length and nucleotide composition of miRNA sequences (hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-31-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p), highlighting their impact on biosensor design. The findings underscore emerging biomedical applications, including personalized medicine, and discuss future perspectives.