Qualitative analysis of chemical constituents and study on the biological activity of <i>Polygonum perfoliatum</i> L

The chemical constituents of <i>Polygonum perfoliatum</i> L. were qualitatively analysed by UPLC-MS/MS, and the biological activity of its ethanol extract was determined. 94 chemical constituents were identified, including 32 flavonoids, 5 phenylpropanoids, 6 phenols, 6 alkaloids, 13 fatty acyls, 6 organic acids, 12 amino acids and polypeptides, and 14 other classes. The biological activity showed that the antioxidant capacity of the extract increased with the increase in concentration. The inhibitory activity against <i>α</i>-glucosidase IC₅₀ = 1.643 μg/mL; at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of MV4-11 and SW480 cells reached more than 90%, and the IC₅₀values were 237.5 μg/mL and 157.6 μg/mL, respectively. The study laid a sure foundation for elucidating the chemical composition and pharmacodynamic basis of <i>Polygonum perfoliatum</i> L.