Stampa 3D di Ortesi Plantari Un'Analisi dell'Impatto sulla Biomeccanica Umana e delle Prospettive Future.

ABSTRACTBackground:Plantar orthoses are widely used, and 3D printing offers new possibilities for their customization and production. However, a clear understanding of the impact of this technology is needed.Objectives:This integrative literature review aims to analyze the evolution of 3D-printed plantar orthoses, assess their impact on human biomechanics, compare 3D printing technologies, and explore materials, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives.Methods:An integrative (retrospective and cross-sectional) review of relevant scientific literature was conducted, analyzing comparative studies, biomechanical evaluations, advancements in materials and manufacturing technologies, and emerging trends.Main Findings/Synthesis:The review highlights the advantages of 3D printing in terms of customization (e.g., optimization of plantar pressure, kinematic control), design complexity (e.g., lattice structures), and the potential for using innovative materials (e.g., TPU, PA12, composites). Manufacturing methods (FDM, SLS, MJF) and the digital workflow are discussed. Challenges such as costs, scalability, clinical validation, and regulatory compliance persist but are being mitigated by technological advancements. Future trends include new materials, sensor integration, AI in design, and telemedicine.Conclusions:3D printing is transforming the production of plantar orthoses, offering significant potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and personalization. Further research and standardization are necessary for full clinical implementation.