Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (S-CRSEQ) in Young Adults Who Use Cannabis

<i>Objective</i>: Cannabis refusal self-efficacy, or the ability to refuse cannabis, is key to understanding cannabis use, its consequences, and cannabis use disorders. Currently, the only instrument available to measure this construct is the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CRSEQ), which exists only in its original English version. This study aimed to provide a Spanish version of the CRSEQ and evaluate its psychometric properties. <i>Methods</i>: A community sample of cannabis-using young adults (<i>n</i> = 612; M_age = 21.04, <i>SD</i> = 2.16; 38.4% female) was recruited using a targeted sampling procedure. Participants completed the Spanish CRSEQ at baseline and a three-month follow-up (<i>n</i> = 505), along with measures of cannabis use, cannabis-related consequences, and protective behavioral strategies. <i>Results and Conclusions</i>: The study successfully replicated the three-factor structure of the original instrument, although one item was reallocated to a different factor. The Spanish CRSEQ showed adequate internal consistency, temporal invariance, and predictive validity, establishing it as a valuable tool for assessing cannabis refusal self-efficacy among Spanish-speaking young adults.