Adsorption and controlled release of Isotretinoin and Adapalene retinoid drugs from water using chitosan-modified manganese ferrite nanoparticles

In this work, the adsorption efficiency of chitosan-modified manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles synthesised by the in situ-coprecipitation method was investigated towards Isotretinoin and Adapalene retinoid drugs sorption from water. The investigation of field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction peaks, and magnetic properties indicated the synthesis of crystalline supermagnetic nanoparticles with 52.4 ± 15 nm particle size and 26.74 m²g⁻¹ BET surface area. The central composite design (CCD) estimated the interaction impact of adsorbent dosage (0.1–1.3 g/L), contact time (5–65 min), pH (1.5–11.5), and temperature (15–55°C) on the Isotretinoin and Adapalene adsorption using chitosan-modified MnFe₂O₄ adsorbent. The optimum values of temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH for the maximum adsorption efficiency of Isotretinoin & Adapalene based on CCD were estimated to be 49.75°C, 57.73 min, 1.3 g/L and 9.48 & 53.38°C, 56.82 min, 1.3 g/L and 9.28, respectively. The maximum experimental removal efficiency of Isotretinoin and Adapalene under optimum conditions was 90.8% and 78.5%, respectively. The Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models displayed the adsorption mechanism of drugs. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of chitosan-modified MnFe₂O₄ for Isotretinoin and Adapalene molecules sorption was 191.52 and 156.73 mg.g⁻¹, respectively under equilibrium time of 60 min. The adsorption capability of Isotretinoin and Adapalene was stable for three adsorption-desorption cycles. The maximum release of Isotretinoin and Adapalene was 80.2% and 64.15%, respectively, at temperature of 50°C and pH of 5 within 48 h. The Korsmeyer–Peppas pharmacokinetic model could describe the release data of Isotretinoin and Adapalene from chitosan-modified MnFe₂O₄. The results promised the high capability of the synthesised magnetic nanoparticles as a responsive carrier for the delivery of retinoid drugs.