Additional file 2 of Palmitate enhances MSC immunomodulation of human macrophages via the ceramide/CCL2 axis in vitro

Supplementary Material 2: Supplementary Figure 2: MSC dose dependently suppress LPS induced MDM production of TNFα. Human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were co-cultured at ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20 and stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 hr. MDM production of TNFα was measured by ELISA. n = 3 (3 different PBMC donors, 1 MSC donor). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001. Statistical test: Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test