Magnetoliposomes for nanomedicine: synthesis, characterization, and applications in drug, gene, and peptide delivery

Magnetoliposomes represent a transformative advancement in nanomedicine by integrating magnetic nanoparticles with liposomal structures, creating multifunctional delivery platforms that overcome key limitations of conventional drug carriers. These hybrid systems enable precision targeting through external magnetic fields, controlled release via magnetic hyperthermia, and real-time theranostic capabilities, offering unprecedented spatiotemporal control over therapeutic administration. This manuscript focused primarily on studies from 2023–2025 however, a few select older references were included to provide background and context. This review examines the fundamental design principles of Magnetoliposomes, including bilayer composition, nanoparticle integration strategies, and physicochemical properties governing their biological performance. We comprehensively assess synthesis methodologies – from traditional thin-film hydration to advanced microfluidic approaches – highlighting their impact on colloidal stability, drug encapsulation, and scaling potential. Characterization techniques essential for quality control and regulatory approval are systematically reviewed, followed by applications across oncology, gene delivery, neurology, and infectious disease treatment, supported by recent experimental evidence. While magnetoliposomes show remarkable therapeutic versatility, their clinical translation requires addressing biocompatibility concerns, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Integration with artificial intelligence, organ-on-chip technologies, and personalized medicine approaches will likely accelerate their development toward clinical reality, potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms for complex diseases through tailored therapeutic interventions.