Adipose FoxO1 ablation activates alternate mitophagy pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis.

(A,B) Western blotting (A) and densitometric (B) analyses of mitophagy adaptor and receptor proteins; n=6. (C) Illustration of the partnership between Fundc1 with Drp1 and Opa1 in connecting mitochondria to and engulfed by autophagosome via LC3II. (D,E) Western blotting (D) and densitometric (E) analyses of mitochondrial dynamics proteins Drp1, OPA1, and Mfn1; n=6. (F,G) Western blotting (F) and densitometric (G) analyses of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis; n=6. (H–J) Measurement of basal respiration (BR, H), maximal respiration (MR, I), and spare respiration capacity (SRC, J) of 3T3L1 adipocytes; n=3–4. DMSO stands for the vehicle, AS for FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856, F1KD for Fundc1 knockdown, and P1KD for Pgc1α knockdown. (K) Schematic view of how silencing FoxO1 activates mitochondrial biogenesis and sustains mitochondrial turnover to enhance mitochondrial function. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; n.s., not significant.