Transcriptomic dysregulation in zebrafish brain exposed to artificial light at night: a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and pathway alterations

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a known stressor, yet its impact on brain transcriptomes remains poorly understood. We analyzed zebrafish brain RNA-sequencing data after ALAN exposure for 1 week (LLW), 1 month (LLM), and 1 year (LLY). Gene expression patterns shifted progressively, with 558, 664, and 671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LLW, LLM, and LLY, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed altered protein synthesis, signaling, and extracellular matrix interactions. Ribosomal pathway upregulation suggested heightened metabolic demands, while signaling pathway downregulation implicated reduced cellular response to environmental stressors. Gene ontology analysis elucidated changes in sensory perception, nervous system processes, and immune responses. Network analysis identified hub genes associated with motor functions and cellular mobility. Disease enrichment analysis revealed associations of ALAN-induced DEGs with various pathologies. These findings emphasize the need for further research on brain function and strategies to mitigate ALAN’s harmful effects on ecosystems and health.