Iron oxide nanozymes as versatile analytical tools: an overview of their application as detection technique

Iron oxide nanozymes (IONzymes) have become fundamental components in various analyte detection methodologies such as colorimetric, electrochemistry, fluorescence and luminescence. Their tunability, stability and the possibility of modification, alongside their ability to mimic the catalytic properties of natural enzymes like peroxidase, render them invaluable in analytical chemistry. This review explores the diverse applications of IONzymes across analytical chemistry, with a particular highlighting on their roles in different detection techniques and their potential in biomedical and diagnostic applications. This information would be valuable for researchers and practitioners in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology and materials science who are interested in applying IONzymes in their work. In essence, this review article on iron oxide nanozymes in analytical chemistry would serve as a valuable resource for researchers, educators and industry professionals, offering insights, guidance and inspiration for further study and application of this promising class of nanomaterials. Iron oxide nanozymes exhibit catalytic properties that simulate natural enzymes, making them valuable in analytical applications. The variety of iron oxide nanozymes is leading to their widespread use as detection tools in various fields, from biosensing to environmental monitoring. These nanozymes possess enzyme-mimicking activities, including oxidase, peroxidase and catalase-like behaviors, which make them fitting for a range of analytical applications. Iron oxide nanozymes have been successfully employed in colorimetric, electrochemical and fluorescence-based detection techniques. Their capability to catalyze reactions without the limitations of natural enzymes makes them highly stable and effective for detection in various samples. Present challenges include enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of nanozyme-based detection systems. Future research is expected to focus on developing novel hybrid nanozymes and improving their biocompatibility for use in practical everyday life situations.