Identification of the important role of CA9 in immune infiltration and prognosis in cervical cancer

This study aimed to investigate the association between CA9 expression and the immune infiltration and prognosis of CC. The GSE9750 dataset in the GEO database, the UALCAN database, and the cBioPortal of cervical squamous cell carcinoma study were used for bioinformatic analysis, followed by validation via immunohistochemistry in clinical samples. Compared to normal controls, CC samples showed 1175 significantly downregulated and 698 significantly upregulated genes, respectively. Specifically, CA9 was identified among the up-regulated genes, with verification by analysis of TCGA data. The overexpression of CA9 in CC was further confirmed in clinical samples. The protein-protein interaction network results revealed that CA9 was closely associated with 12 genes, which were widely involved in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. CA9 was associated with tumor histological subtypes, hypoxia scores, low immune infiltration, poor survival rate, and specific microorganisms. Our study indicated that CA9 was upregulated in CC and closely related to tumor immune microenvironment, thereby becoming an important prognostic factor for CC. This study highlights CA9 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for the disease. This study explored the role of the CA9 gene in cervical cancer (CC), particularly how it affects the tumor’s immune environment and patient outcomes. Using data from cancer databases (GEO, UALCAN, cBioPortal) and lab tests on patient samples, the study found that CA9 levels were much higher in CC tissue than in normal tissue, and patients with high CA9 had worse survival rates. Importantly, high CA9 was linked to fewer key immune cells (including B cells, plasma cells, and CD8+ T cells) in tumors, suggesting it may help cancer evade the immune system. CA9 was also associated with specific tumor types, low oxygen conditions, and certain microbes in the tumor environment. These findings indicate that CA9 plays a significant role in CC progression and could serve as both a prognostic marker and a potential target for new treatments. However, further research is needed to fully understand how CA9 works and how to best target it for patient benefit. This study highlights CA9 as an important factor in cervical cancer that warrants further investigation for improving diagnosis and therapy. Biomarkers to identify the immune infiltration and prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) are still in exploration.The GSE9750 dataset in the GEO database was analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The CA9 mRNA levels of CC tissues were further compared using the UALCAN database, followed by validation via immunohistochemistry in clinical samples. CA9-related gene enrichment analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Immune infiltration, survival prognosis, correlation analysis of CA9 expression and tumor-related characteristics, and the weighted gene co-expression network analyses were performed using cBioPortal of cervical squamous cell carcinoma study.There are 1175 significantly downregulated and 698 significantly upregulated genes between the CC samples and normal controls, respectively.CA9 was recognized as one of the up-regulated genes, further confirmed through analysis of TCGA data.The overexpression of CA9 in CC was further confirmed in clinical samples.CA9 was strongly linked to 12 genes, which play a significant role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism.CA9 exhibited associations with tumor histological subtypes, hypoxia scores, low immune infiltration, poor survival rates, and specific microorganisms.This study revealed that CA9 was upregulated in CC and closely associated with the tumor immune microenvironment, making it an important prognostic factor for CC.This study identifies CA9 as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for CC. Biomarkers to identify the immune infiltration and prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) are still in exploration. The GSE9750 dataset in the GEO database was analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The CA9 mRNA levels of CC tissues were further compared using the UALCAN database, followed by validation via immunohistochemistry in clinical samples. CA9-related gene enrichment analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Immune infiltration, survival prognosis, correlation analysis of CA9 expression and tumor-related characteristics, and the weighted gene co-expression network analyses were performed using cBioPortal of cervical squamous cell carcinoma study. There are 1175 significantly downregulated and 698 significantly upregulated genes between the CC samples and normal controls, respectively. CA9 was recognized as one of the up-regulated genes, further confirmed through analysis of TCGA data. The overexpression of CA9 in CC was further confirmed in clinical samples. CA9 was strongly linked to 12 genes, which play a significant role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. CA9 exhibited associations with tumor histological subtypes, hypoxia scores, low immune infiltration, poor survival rates, and specific microorganisms. This study revealed that CA9 was upregulated in CC and closely associated with the tumor immune microenvironment, making it an important prognostic factor for CC. This study identifies CA9 as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for CC.