Fabrication of nano-ceria encapsulated with oleic acid to attenuate gestational diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnant mice model

The study aims to fabricate and evaluate Nano-ceria encapsulated oleic acid (CeO₂ NPs-OA) to treat gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The CeO₂ NPs was synthesised by thermal decomposition. TEM, XRD, and FTIR confirms particles. <i>In vitro</i> studies on STZ-induced NIH 3T3 assessed antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. <i>In vivo</i> studies were performed on pregnant mice induced with STZ, examined antidiabetic activity, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia. The CeO₂ NPs-OA had a spherical structure and uniform distribution. A PDI of 0.5 with a zeta-potential of − 44 ± 2 mV. The DPPH and ABTS exhibit 40% and 39.21% antioxidant activity. The CeO₂ NPs-OA inhibits diabetes at 500 μg/mL. The <i>in vivo</i> studies confirmed the reduction in oxidative stress by reducing MDA <i>(p &lt; 0.05)</i>. The histopathological analysis of the STZ-induced model shows capillary, which CeO₂ NPs-OA reduced. CeO₂ NPs-OA shows promise for treating GDM and improving maternal and foetal health.