Recent progress on bee pathogen control using phytochemicals

Parasitism by parasitic mites and other microbial pathogens drives honey bee colony failure. Chemical acaricides are commonly applied in apiaries, which has led to antibiotic and miticide resistance. Developing environmentally friendly substances (such as plant extracts) to control bee disease is a long-term strategy for sustainable pollination services. Here, we review recent research applying phytochemicals to treat honey bee disease, providing insights into plant-based medicines for bee health.