Supervision in the Iranian Legal System Structure, Challenges, and Reform Strategies.pdf

Supervision within the Iranian legal system is one of the fundamental pillars for achieving justice, ensuring the soundness of governance structures, and guaranteeing the proper enforcement of laws. This study aims to analyze the structure, functions, and challenges of Iran’s supervisory system through an analytical-descriptive approach, utilizing library sources, legal documents, and comparative studies, and seeks to answer the question: “Why does Iran’s oversight system, despite having diverse legal mechanisms and numerous supervisory bodies, face serious problems in practice?” Employing an analytical-descriptive methodology and drawing on library resources and comparative research, this paper examines the structure, performance, and interactions of supervisory institutions in Iran. The findings reveal that although various forms of judicial, parliamentary, and executive supervision are meticulously designed in legal texts, in practice, weaknesses in the scientific evaluation and selection of judges, the prevalence of personal connections over merit-based criteria, the inefficiency of the parliamentary representation system, and the lack of effective mechanisms for public participation and feedback have all contributed to the diminished effectiveness of oversight. The consequences of this situation include protracted legal proceedings, an increase in case volumes, and a decline in the quality of judgments and public trust. The study concludes that reforming supervisory structures, enhancing scientific and ethical criteria in the recruitment of judges and representatives, strengthening public feedback mechanisms, and institutional transparency are essential prerequisites for overcoming the current situation and achieving an efficient, accountable, and justice-oriented oversight system in Iran.