Secondary metabolites of <i>Silene claviformis</i> Litv. and the anti-inflammatory activity of its butanol extract

In this study, we present the result of chemical investigation of aerial parts of <i>Silene claviformis</i> Litv., where we isolated four known natural secondary metabolites: two triterpenoids cycloastragenol (<b>1</b>), astrasieversianin X(<b>2</b>), as well as two steroid glycosides lineolon (<b>3</b>), 3-<i>O</i>-acetate sibirgenin (<b>4</b>), for the first time for this plant. The compound <b>4</b> was isolated from this plant for the first time as a natural substance. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, and comparison with previously reported data. Furthermore, the butanol fraction was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and antiexudative activities. Upon administration of silver nitrate, exudation into the pleural and abdominal cavities was reduced by 21.8% and 22.6%, respectively. The fraction also inhibited the exudative phase of inflammation in rats, significantly reducing paw swelling induced by formaldehyde and serotonin. Additionally, it decreased vascular permeability in rabbits exposed to xylene, highlighting its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.