Green, High-Throughput Determination of Multiple Classes of Pesticides in Paddy Water Employing Thin-Film Solid-Phase Microextraction (TF-SPME) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

A high-throughput green methodology was developed for the determination of six pesticides in rice paddy water. A TF-SPME coupled with a 96-well plate sampling system was carried out. HPLC was used for the detection and quantification of the analytes. The method was optimized for critical parameters. The determination coefficients were higher than 0.9927, achieving LODs from 0.015 to 3.0 µg L⁻¹ and LOQs between 0.05 and 10 µg L⁻¹. Recoveries ranged from 62% to 114%. The methodology was evaluated to 32 samples of Jaraguá do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Only tebuconazole and carbendazim were detected below Maximum Permissible Levels.