A Case Study of USAR SA-01: A Causal Analysis Related to the Non-deployment of the South African Urban Search and Rescue Team from 2017 – 2024

Abstract: The effective deployment of Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams is critical for addressing humanitarian needs during international disasters. South Africa’s USAR SA-01 team has the potential to significantly contribute to global disaster response efforts; however, it has yet to deploy internationally. This study aims to identify and analyze the causal factors related to the nondeployment of USAR SA-01 to international disasters. It focuses on the specific context of South Africa, providing insights into the intersection of policy, governance, and operational practice. The research employed an explanatory mixedmethods approach, combining a quantitative survey with a qualitative thematic analysis. The findings from the analysis were then incorporated into an Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram to assess the policies, frameworks, and institutional dynamics that hinder the deployment of USAR SA-01. The findings reveal significant barriers, including a lack of accountability, inadequate funding mechanisms, and a misalignment of policies among government departments. The analysis highlights that the National Disaster Management Center’s failure to mobilize resources undermines the operational capacity of USAR SA-01. In addition, the study identifies the need for better coordination among agencies to align USAR operations with national and international standards. The implications of this study underscore the necessity for reform within South Africa’s disaster management framework to facilitate effective international deployment of USAR SA-01. By addressing the identified barriers, the study provides a pathway for strengthening South Africa’s role in global disaster response efforts and enhancing its capacity to fulfill international obligations. Improved coordination, accountability, and resource allocation are essential for ensuring the sustainability and effectiveness of USAR capabilities in humanitarian crises.