Converting food waste to biofuel: A sustainable energy solution for Sub-Saharan Africa

Natural gas, coal, and oil account for over 84 % of the world's energy demand. Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, leading to substantial climate changes and environmental damage. Therefore, harnessing energy from alternative sustainable resources without the emission of harmful waste products is vital for the ecosystem's health. By 2050, global food waste production will reach 3.4 billion metric tons. Although widely recognized as a substantial energy resource, its value is underutilized throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, understanding and exploiting the potential value of food waste as a biofuel can result in net-zero emissions, reducing significant environmental pollution while conserving natural resources. Furthermore, this paper reviews how effective management of food waste will have the potential to contribute to the development of waste-to-energy resources in SSA countries, as well as help improve global ecosystems.