The electric spatula: Killing weeds with pulsed microshocks from a flat-plate electrode

Seeking an easy-to-deploy, energy-efficient, non-herbicide weed control method, we tested a flat-plate electrode to apply pulsed electric microshocks (PMS) to a grass and four broadleaf weed species. The method can be deployed via a hand-held unit or as part of a fully automated system to control escape weeds in field crops. The effectiveness of the treatments and the relative energy discharges when applying similar electric doses to the plant leaves or to the plant when pressed to the soil with a flat-plate electrode were compared. The method killed only half of the treated <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> “Winter Star” plants, well below our target rate, but significantly reduced growth rates and indicated that effective treatment of &lt;1.0 MJ ha⁻¹ for treating five plants m⁻² is possible. <i>Polygonum aviculare</i> L., <i>Amaranthus powellii</i> S. Wats., <i>Amaranthus deflexus</i>, and <i>Solanum nitidibaccatum</i> Bitter plants were successfully controlled, with the energy required to kill 100% of seedlings varying from 0.1 to 0.9 MJ ha⁻¹, indicating that broadleaf weeds are more susceptible. This easily met our target effectiveness and efficiency goals. The discharged energy increased when the electrode pressed the plant to a dry soil surface rather than to the leaves only and increased further when the electrode pressed the plant to a wet soil surface.