Perception of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Respiratory Therapists and Orthodontists in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that significantly impacts health, leading to cognitive impairment, daytime fatigue, and cardiovascular complications. Respiratory therapists (RTs) and orthodontists play vital roles in its management through diagnosis and treatment. However, gaps in knowledge and limited awareness about OSA remain prevalent. Understanding the perceptions of RTs and orthodontists is crucial to addressing these challenges, improving patient care, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration in OSA management. Purpose: This research aims to assess the perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and identify differences in understanding, confidence, and management approaches among respiratory therapists and orthodontists in Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among respiratory therapists and orthodontists. Data was collected through Webex video interviews using a semistructured format with 10 open-ended questions, including socio-demographic information and perspectives on OSA management and confidence in addressing cases. Face validity was established through a review by three respiratory therapy educators from Georgia State University (GSU) and one orthodontist. Results: A total of 11 participants completed the interviews, including 6 respiratory therapists (RTs) and 5 orthodontists. The study findings revealed the emergence of 23 themes, refined into 9 sub-superordinate themes and 8 overarching superordinate themes. Among RTs, a notable proportion demonstrated a high understanding of OSA (n=6) and comprehensive treatment knowledge (n=5). However, 6 RTs showed varying levels of knowledge regarding OSA symptoms, with some displaying only general or limited knowledge. Diagnostic engagement varied, with 6 RTs identifying as somewhat engaged in diagnosis. Additionally, 5 RTs highlighted systemic and institutional barriers, including insufficient staff and poor healthcare facilities. Confidence in managing OSA was reported as high by 6 RTs. Among orthodontists, 5 participants demonstrated moderate understanding of OSA, with detailed knowledge of clinical features reported by the same number. All orthodontists were somewhat engaged in diagnosis and exhibited comprehensive treatment knowledge (n=5). However, confidence in managing OSA remained low to moderate across the group. Additionally, 2 orthodontists emphasized institutional challenges, particularly low awareness among healthcare staff. Awareness of OSA consequences varied, with 5 orthodontists reporting limited to strong awareness. Misconstrued perceptions of OSA prevalence were evident among some orthodontists. Conclusion: Findings underscore the differences in perceptions between the two professions, with RTs showing greater confidence and diagnostic involvement, while orthodontists displayed deeper knowledge of clinical 8 features and treatment options. Addressing the identified gaps through targeted education and interdisciplinary collaboration may enhance OSA management and patient outcomes.