The Impact of Shoelace Color on the Aerobic Performance of Amateur Marathon Runners

Abstract— This study explored, from a hypothetical and experimental perspective, the potential influence of shoelace color on aerobic performance, perceived exertion, and physiological parameters in recreational marathon runners. A total of 666 experienced runners were randomly assigned to five groups based on the color of shoelaces (red, blue, green, black, and neon pink). Total race time estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max), average heart rate, and subjective perception of exertion (RPE) were measured. The results revealed that participants with red shoelaces achieved the best overall performance: shorter race time, higher VO₂ max, lower RPE, and lower heart rate. Specifically, the red group ran on average 8.4% faster than the black group. Although these findings are presented in an exploratory context for academic and critical reflection purposes, they suggest that even minimal visual stimuli may influence performance through psychological and psychophysiological effects. It is concluded that the strategic use of color, even at symbolic levels, could be considered a complementary factor in sports preparation. Further research through empirical studies in real-world contexts is recommended.