Peltogyne maranhensis Huber ex Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.

15. Peltogyne maranhensis Huber ex Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 25. 1915. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Pedreiras, 10 July 1909, F. Q. Lima HG 2310 (Holotype: MG!; Isotypes: RB!(RB5631), BM, U, US). Fig 20. Tree, (8–) 20–25 m tall, bark smooth, lenticellate, grayish, branches smooth, longitudinally striate, lenticellate, stipules early deciduous. Leaflets elliptic–lanceolate, falcate, 6.5–11 × 3–4 cm, base rounded, sometimes attenuate, apex acute, glabrous, wax absent on both surfaces, concolorous (slightly discolorous), petiole 13–23 mm long, petiolule 3–7 mm long, blade decurrent, pulvinus dilated, primary vein conspicuous on both sides, secondary veins conspicuous on both sides, glands absent. Inflorescence a panicle, terminal, densiflorous, rachis pubescent, 6–20 cm long, inserted in a non-aphyllous branch. Pedicel 6–15 mm long, bracteoles caducous, hypanthium present, 6 × 4 mm, obconic. Bud 6–8 × 12 mm, sepals deltoid to subtriangular, outer side sericeous, inner side pubescent, glands present, petals oblanceolate, unguiculate, glabrous, glands present. Stamens of different sizes, antesepalous filaments 9–15 mm long, antepetalous filaments 5–10 mm long. Stipe glabrous with few trichomes, nectary forming a rigid ring after anthesis, 1–2 mm long. Ovary rhombic to elliptic, pubescent, 3–5 mm long. Fruit a legume, indehiscent, obovate–oblong, without a protuberance, compressed, 2.5 × 1.4 cm, stipitate, nectary disc persistent, glabrous, glands absent, veins present, winged. Phenology —Collected in flower in June and in fruit in June and July. Distribution and habitats— Peltogyne maranhensis occurs in Cerrado, in humid forests only in the states of Maranhão and Piauí (Fig 2). Taxonomic comments —This species has a mobile ring around the stipe on the fruit, resulting from the detachment of the floral nectary after the fruit matures, which is also observed in P. lecointei. Ducke collected a specimen (R 54574) without flowers similar to P. densiflora in the northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Amazon region, which he identified as P. maranhensis, possibly because of the shape of the fruit and the persistent nectary that turned into a movable ring in mature fruits. These characteristics are common in P. lecointei individuals growing in the north of the state of Mato Grosso. However, P. maranhensis has a terminal, densiflorous inflorescence and the fruit has a more elongated wing due to the persistent style. P. lecointei has a subterminal, laxiflorous inflorescence and a winged fruit without a style. P. maranhensis appears on the Red List as an endangered species (Risk of extinction: VU D2) due to its low density. Etymology —The specific epithet maranhensis alludes to the occurrence in the state of Maranhão. Specimens examined — BRAZIL. Maranhão: Barra do Corda, Canela Indian village and vicinity, ca. 50km SW of Barra do Corda, 27 November 1977, G. Eiten 459 (UB); Barão de Grajaú, July 2005, I. C. Nascimento Júnior 41 (UB); Grajaú, Estrada do Arame, 15 April 1983, M. F. da Silva 1129 (INPA!, MG!); Pedreiras, 10 July 1909, Herb. Generale 2316 (RB!, MG!); Santa Luzia, Faz. Agripec-VARIG caminho para o Rio Mutum, margem esquerda do rio Pindaré, 05 April 1983, M. F. da Silva 1010 (INPA!); São Luís, 26 September 1949, A. Ducke 2256 (MG! R); Granja Barreto, terra firme, alta, mata primitiva, 03 November 1952, A. Ducke 28550 (IAN!); Viveiro de aves, 25 October 1948, A. Ducke 2175 (ALCB!, IAN!, MG!, R!, RB!); 25 October 1948, W. A. Ducke 2175 (IAC!); 26 September 1949, A. Ducke 2235 (RB!); 03 September 1952, R. L. Fróes 28550 (SP); Timon, cerca de 30 Km na direção de Caxias, 2 August 1978, A. Fernandez EAC!4028 (EAC!, INPA!); Piauí: Palmeiras, entre Palmeiras e Teresina, 6 July 1980, A. Fernandez EAC!8792 (EAC!). Vernacular names —Pau-roxo, Jatobá Mirim.